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Tag: brainwaves

Yale Study Shows Electrical Fields Influence Brain Activity[lang_de]Yale Study Shows Electrical Fields Influence Brain Activity[/lang_de][lang_zh]Yale Study Shows Electrical Fields Influence Brain Activity[/lang_zh]

Jul 28
Neurobiology, alchemy, mind-machine

Most scientists have viewed electrical fields within the brain as the simple byproducts of neuronal activity. However, Yale scientists report in the July 15 issue of the journal Neuron that electrical fields can also influence the activity of brain cells.

The finding helps explain why techniques that influence electrical fields such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and deep brain stimulation are effective for the treatment of various neurological disorders, including depression. The study also “raises many questions about the possible effects of electrical fields, such as power lines and cell phones, in which we immerse ourselves,” said David McCormick, the Dorys McConnell Duberg Professor of Neurobiology at Yale School of Medicine, a researcher of the Kavli Institute of Neuroscience and senior author of the study.

The chemical process that triggers tiny charges in the membranes of neurons causes much of the brain’s electrical activity. Electroencephalograms, or EEGs, detect these fluctuations when they occur in large numbers of neurons together. These internal electrical signals contain information about certain cognitive and behavioral states but, until now, it had not been shown whether they actually change the activity of the brain itself.

McCormick and Flavio Frohlich, a postdoctoral research associate, introduced slow oscillation signals into brain tissue and found that the signal created a sort of feedback loop, with changes in electrical field guiding neural activity, which in turn strengthened the electrical field.

“It’s like asking whether the roar of the crowd in the football stadium also influences you to cheer as well. And in turn, your cheering encourages others to cheer along with you.” McCormick said.

The ability of electric fields generated by the brain to influence its own activity appears to be particularly prominent during epileptic seizures. However, the influence of electric fields is not limited to these pathological states. The study of Frohlich and McCormick demonstrates that the electrical fields also influence brain function during normal activities such as sleep.

See also: Effects of 6-10 Hz ELF on Brain Waves

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Discarded data may be gateway to new brain insights[lang_de]Discarded data may be gateway to new brain insights[/lang_de][lang_zh]Discarded data may be gateway to new brain insights[/lang_zh]

May 31
Neurobiology, New Science, augmentations, chaos^2, informative text, mind-machine


Scientists regularly discard up to 90 percent of the signals from monitoring of brain waves, one of the oldest techniques for observing changes in brain activity. They discard this data as noise because it produces a seemingly irregular pattern like those seen in river fluctuations, seismic waves, heart rates, stock market prices and a wide variety of other phenomena.

Now, though, researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have found evidence that these data may contain significant information about how the brain works. In a study published in the May 13 Neuron, a closer look reveals not only previously unrecognized patterns in the data but also shows that putting the brain to work on a simple task can change those patterns.

“We don’t yet know how to decode the information contained in these signals, but the fact that they’re such a large part of brain activity and that they can be modulated when you do a task suggests that they are going to be very important to understanding the brain,” says lead author Biyu Jade He, PhD, a postdoctoral fellow.

Electroencephalography (EEG), a long-established technique for monitoring brain waves, involves attaching an array of electrodes to the head. The electrodes can detect minute changes in electrical fields caused by brain cells firing.

Routine EEG analysis, used both in basic research and in clinical contexts such as epilepsy and sleep disorders, focuses on periodic components of EEG activity that are caused by millions of brain cells firing in coordination. These components are known as brain waves, and they occur at varying frequencies. Slow waves during sleep, for example, occur about once per second.

The remaining, irregular signals in EEG recordings didn’t seem to contain useful information. By using a mathematical technique called spectral analysis, neuroscientists have found that these “irregular” signals produce a regular pattern: a diagonal line on the results graph that goes from the upper left (high-power, low-frequency brain waves) to the lower right (low-power, high-frequency brain waves).

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“Why this pattern is so common is one of the great questions of modern physics, and it’s spawned a relatively young field of research called complex dynamics,” says Biyu He. “With the exception of a few labs, though, this hasn’t been given much consideration in neuroscience.”

She studied data gathered from five patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. To treat these patients, surgeons temporarily implant grids of electrodes on the surface of the brain, allowing them to gather detailed EEG readings and pinpoint the source of the seizures for surgical removal.

Using a technique called nested-frequency analysis, she showed that the temporal connections between low-frequency brain waves and high-frequency brain waves are more extensive than previously realized.

“These temporal connections reach outside of the domains of periodic brain waves that neuroscientists study and into the irregular, arrhythmic brain activity that we discard,” she explains. “This suggests that there are patterns of temporal organization in those irregular signals. Those patterns may reflect important aspects of brain architecture and function.”

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Phase III – Stealth Is.


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